Principles Of Animations
Stop motion is basically a still object which appears to move by itself. This is done by an object being moved slightly in small increments inbetween individual photographed frames, which gives the illusion of movement when the series of frames are played consecutively.
One of the most important principles of animation is squash and stretch the purpose of this is to give weight and flexibilty to drawn pictures. It can be applied to the most simple objects such as ball you can make it do anything such as bounce, expand, evaporate etc... You don't have to do it to simple objects if you want you can do it to more complex features like the musculature of a human face. You can squash and stretch an object so it will have a comical effect.
Stop Frame
Stop frame is also known as stop motion which is an animation technique to makes a still object seem to appear on its own. The object is moved slightly inbetween each photographed frame, when each photograph is played in a continuous sequence which gives the illusion of movement to the viewers.
Frame Rate
Frame rate is also known as frame frequency is the speed rate of an imagining device.
Persistence Of Vision
Persistence of vision is when a still object is moved so quickly that if the object is moved 90 degrees in one twenty fifth of a second, your eyes automatically see the movement that it needed to do to get to that position.
Poineers Of Animation.
Joseph Plateau - Phenakitoscope.
Joseph Plateau was a Belgian physicist. He was the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image.The phenakistoscope uses the persistence of motion principle to create an illusion of motion. The phenakistoscope consisted of two discs mounted on the same axis. The first disc had slots around the edge, and the second contained drawings of successive action, drawn around the disc in concentric circles. this gives the illusion of movement.
William Horner - Zoetrope.
A Zoetrope is a device that produce the illusion of quick movement through static pictures moving in a quick succession William Horner created this illusion by getting a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. Beneath the slits on the inner surface of the cylinder is a band which has either individual frames from a video/film or images from a set of sequenced drawings or photographs. As the cylinder spins the user looks through the slits at the pictures on the opposite side of the cylinder's interior.
Emile Reynaud - Praxinoscope
The praxinoscope was the successor of the zoetrope animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.Eadweard Muybridge - Zoopraxiscope
Eadweard J. Muybridge was an English photographer who spent much of his life in the United States. He is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion which used multiple cameras to capture motion, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip. The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures. Edison - kinetoscope
Thomas Edison is best known for his development of the eletric light bulb and the phonograph (the predecessor of the record player). He was also the first person successfully to demonstrate moving pictures to the public.
Thomas Edison is best known for his development of the eletric light bulb and the phonograph (the predecessor of the record player). He was also the first person successfully to demonstrate moving pictures to the public.The kinetoscope was an early motion picture exhibition device. Though not a movie projector the kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed individually through the window of a cabinet. The kinetoscope introduced the basic appraoch that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before video was invented. This produces the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high speed shutter.
Lumière brothers
The Lumiere Brothers were poineers who contributed to the birth of film in 1895. The Lumiere camera was a machine for both film projection and developement. The camera could perform two tasks in one box, it also weighed only 12 pound which was much lighter thans its rival the kinetoscope which was invented by William Dickson. Now that the first real camera was created and ready to be used it was up to the poineers themselves to use it. The very first experimentation was done by Brother Louis Lumiere which showed everyday real events. He created a film 'The Arrival of a Train at the Station' in 1895, this film showed the train coming in diagonally across the screen, which was a very unconventional method of framing.
George Pal
George Pal was born in 1908 on February 1 in Austria-Hungary. Later in his life eventhough he was still a child his stage-entertainer parents divorced, and George was then raised by his randparents. At the age of 20, George graduated from the Budapest Academy of Arts with a degree in Architecture and highly developed of drawing skills. At Hunnia, George drew lobby posters and created embellished titles for silent films. He learned the craft of motion picture cartooning very quickly. In 1931-32, George Pal worked at UFA studios in Berlin where he became the head of the cartoon department. Later on he went on to set up his own studio somewhere else in Berlin. His credentials attracted orders from companies for animated advertising. However he chosen not to do the cartoon approach, he developed his own take in making inanimate objects move he also got them to dance, he used the methods which today is still evolving the art of stop-motion photography. Advertisements featuring Overstolz cigarettes, which were outfitted with faces, arms and legs were shown on theatre screens strutting and singing as if they were drawn by a cartoonist, they were like puppets without strings. These puppets without string would later evolve into animated characters made from wood and would have names and star in their own film.
Willis O'Brien
Willis O'Brien
In 1949, 16 years after his ground breaking work on King Kong, Willis O'Brien worked as chief technician on another gorilla movie for Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Shoedsack this movie was called Mighty Joe Young. A young Ray Harryhausen would animate nearly everything of the animation, but Willis O'Brien did come up with the design for the film. At the 1950 Academy Awards O'Brien was awarded an Oscar for Best Visual Effects. Mighty Joe Young along with King Kong are often considered his greatest achievements.
Ray Harryhausen
Ray Harryhausen born in LA, California in 1920 on June 29 is an American Film Produer and special effects creator. He created a brands of stop-motion model animation known as Dynamation. Among his most notable works are his animation on Mighty Joe Young in 1949, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad, which was his first colour film and Jason and the Argonauts, which featured a famous sword fight against seven skeleton warriors.
Ray Harryhausen born in LA, California in 1920 on June 29 is an American Film Produer and special effects creator. He created a brands of stop-motion model animation known as Dynamation. Among his most notable works are his animation on Mighty Joe Young in 1949, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad, which was his first colour film and Jason and the Argonauts, which featured a famous sword fight against seven skeleton warriors.
Jan Svankmajer
Jan Svankmajer studied at the institute of Industrial Arts and the Marionatte Faculty of the Prague Academy of Fine Arts in the 1950s. Jan Svankmajer started working as a theatre directo, chiefly in association with the Theatre of Masks and the BLack Theatre. He first experimented with film making after becoming involved with the mixed media productions of Pragues Lanterna Magika Theatre. He then began making short films in 1964, which he continued working in the same medium for over twenty years, when he finally achieved his long held ambition to make a feature film based on Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland in 1988.
Jan Svankmajer studied at the institute of Industrial Arts and the Marionatte Faculty of the Prague Academy of Fine Arts in the 1950s. Jan Svankmajer started working as a theatre directo, chiefly in association with the Theatre of Masks and the BLack Theatre. He first experimented with film making after becoming involved with the mixed media productions of Pragues Lanterna Magika Theatre. He then began making short films in 1964, which he continued working in the same medium for over twenty years, when he finally achieved his long held ambition to make a feature film based on Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland in 1988.
The Quay Brothers
The Quay Brothers were born in Pennsylvania US in 1947 on June 17 are american identical twins they are also known as Stephen and Timothy. They are influential stop-motion animators. They are the Recipients of the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set design for their work on the play The Chairs. The Quay Brothers reside and work in England, having moved over here in 1969 to study at the Royal College of Art which is based in London, this was after they studied illustration at the Philadelphia College of Art, which is now named University of the Arts in Philadelphia. In England they made their first short films, which no longer exist after the only print was irreparably damaged.
The Quay Brothers were born in Pennsylvania US in 1947 on June 17 are american identical twins they are also known as Stephen and Timothy. They are influential stop-motion animators. They are the Recipients of the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set design for their work on the play The Chairs. The Quay Brothers reside and work in England, having moved over here in 1969 to study at the Royal College of Art which is based in London, this was after they studied illustration at the Philadelphia College of Art, which is now named University of the Arts in Philadelphia. In England they made their first short films, which no longer exist after the only print was irreparably damaged.
Tim Burton
Tim Burton was born in Burbank, California in August 1958. He spent most of his childhood as a recluse, drawing cartoons and watching old movies his favourite was Vincent Price. when he was in the ninth grade thats when his artistic talent got recognised by a local garbage conpany as they made a competition for an anti-litter drawing and Tim Burton entered and won with his anti-litter poster he designed. The garbage company placed his poster on all of their garbage trucks for a year. After graduating from high school, he then attended California Institute of the Arts, and like so many other greats he graduated from that school. Tim Burtons first job was as an animator for Disney, when there he worked on such films as The Fox and the Hound in 1981 and The Black Cauldron in 1985 but had some creative differences to the rest of his colleagues. However, Disney recognized his talent and gave him the all clear to create Vincent in 1982, an short animation about a boy who wanted to be just like Vincent Price. Narrated by Price himself, the short film was a critical success and it went on an won several awards for Tim Burton.
Tim Burton was born in Burbank, California in August 1958. He spent most of his childhood as a recluse, drawing cartoons and watching old movies his favourite was Vincent Price. when he was in the ninth grade thats when his artistic talent got recognised by a local garbage conpany as they made a competition for an anti-litter drawing and Tim Burton entered and won with his anti-litter poster he designed. The garbage company placed his poster on all of their garbage trucks for a year. After graduating from high school, he then attended California Institute of the Arts, and like so many other greats he graduated from that school. Tim Burtons first job was as an animator for Disney, when there he worked on such films as The Fox and the Hound in 1981 and The Black Cauldron in 1985 but had some creative differences to the rest of his colleagues. However, Disney recognized his talent and gave him the all clear to create Vincent in 1982, an short animation about a boy who wanted to be just like Vincent Price. Narrated by Price himself, the short film was a critical success and it went on an won several awards for Tim Burton.
Aardman Animations
Aardman Animations is an Academy Award winning British animation studio based in Bristol the UK. Aardman was founded in 1976 as a low budget project by Peter Lord and David Spoxton, who wanted to realise their dream of producing an animated motion picture. The partnership provided animated sequences for the BBC series for deaf children Vision On creating Morph which is a very simple clay character. The Studio is known for films made using stop-motion clay animation techniques, particulary those featuring plastacine characters for example Wallace and Gromit. However, Aardman Animation successfully entered the computer animation market with Flushed Away in 2006.
Forms and Genres
TV Animation
Wallace and Gromit was created by Nick Park and has since gone on to do four 30 minute short films, A Grand Day Out, The Wrong Trousers, A Close Shave, A Matter of Loaf and Death and has had a feature lenght film in 2005 which was called Curse of the Were-Rabbit.
Channel IdentsE4 has a variety of idents the colour scheme stays the same throughtout each one. As you can see that the colour scheme for e4 is purple but the main logo is always white with the background purple. E4 idents have a summery effect which is for light entertainment. These idents usually last for around 30 seconds.
Cinema
Flushed Away is a 2006 computer animated film. It was created in partnership by Aardman Animation and Dreamworks Animation. The film was released on November 3 2006, and was distributed by Paramount Pictures except for Switzerland, Spain and Netherlands which was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Advertising
Doritos created a competition which viewers could win the chance to create a TV ad and the winner created this short doritos animation of the crisps coming to life and dipping themselves into the salsa sause.
Music Video
Oasis released their single masterplan in 1998 and it reached number 2 in the brit charts. Like many other songs a video is important to the release as many people watch music videos and not just listen to them. oasis created an animation off the three of them walking around and doing gigs.
Computer Games
All computer games are animated just some better than others this is down to graphics as most gaming companies try to make their merchandise more realistic to attract people into buying their game over someone elses. One of the first computer game ever released was Tennis For Two in 1958 this was created by William Higinbotham and the computer generation has and still evolving as most games now you get to see the person faces and they look identical to the real life person and in fighting games you get to see the damage your doing to your opponent with bruises and swelling.
Mobile Phones
Games on the modile phone are animated too as its like a computer game but on your phone. Mobile phones are always updating with touch screen on nearly every new phone now and this makes it easy to play games and also you get a wider range of games to choose from as before there were a selected few games like on the Nokia 3310 there was only snake but now on Iphone you can have hundreds of games.
Website
Animation is a big part on computers now as website such as Disney have an animated how page this includes videos on the animated films that are being released into th cinemas
